Relationships between Christianity, Judaism, and Islam (Summary of Video) - Trying to save my bad memory.
However, it seems that Xlog does not support drawing diagrams with "mermaid" ¯__(ツ)__/¯
A Brief History of Judaism#
Abraham and the Covenant with God#
Twelve Sons of Israel
1-Reuben 2-Simeon 3-Levi 4-Judah
5-Issachar 6-Zebulun 7-Dan 8-Naphtali
9-Gad 10-Asher 11-Benjamin 12-Joseph
Israel#
Israel's Entry into Egypt, Moses' Exodus from Egypt#
The Unification of Israel#
One of Solomon's achievements: building the first temple in Jerusalem
The Division of the Jewish Kingdom#
In 722 BC, during the expansion of the Assyrian Empire, the Kingdom of Israel was invaded and destroyed, and the Kingdom of Judah became a vassal state.
Yehudi, meaning Judah in Hebrew, evolved into Jude in German and Jew in English.
Jew is translated as "Jewish" in Chinese.
The Babylonian Captivity
In 597 BC, the Babylonian Empire defeated the Assyrian Empire and exiled the Jews to Babylonian territory, making them slaves once again.
In 538 BC, the Persian Empire defeated the Babylonian Empire, ending the second exile of the Jews and allowing them to return to the land of Canaan.
The Roman Empire ruled the land of Canaan until 70 AD, when the Jews fought against the Romans and were defeated. Jerusalem was destroyed, the temple was destroyed, and the Jews were exiled for the third time, beginning their wandering.
Throughout history, the persecution of Jews has led to varying degrees of Jewish return to their homeland. In 1948, the Jewish people established the state of Israel, with the name symbolizing the Star of David, representing King David.
- Nationality: Israeli
- Ethnicity: Jewish
Jesus#
"Tanakh"#
The stories of God's creation and Moses' exodus from Egypt, among others, were written in Hebrew by the Jews during the Babylonian Captivity period. The final version of these writings, known as the "Tanakh," was completed around 100 AD.
- The "Tanakh" is also known as the "Torah," "Prophets," and "Writings."
- The "Torah" refers to the first five books, but can also refer to the entire "Tanakh."
- Jews generally say, "I read the Torah."
Jews believe that a Messiah (the next king) will come from the descendants of King David and will rule over the Jewish people, leading them to an ideal kingdom. This concept evolved and became "Christ" in English, translated as "Savior."
Jesus#
In the year 1 AD, Jesus was born. At this time, the land of Canaan was under Roman rule and was part of the province of Judea. In the town of Bethlehem in Judea, there was a Jewish woman named Mary who, according to the Bible, gave birth to Jesus through a miracle. When the rulers of Judea heard that the future king of the Jews was born, they decided to assassinate Jesus. Jesus and his family fled to Nazareth in the province of Galilee after receiving a warning from God through an angel. In the early days, Jesus preached in Galilee, calling himself the Son of God and spreading his teachings, but he did not establish a church.
During his ministry, Jesus gathered twelve disciples and traveled to Jerusalem. He made the following prophecy:
"I must go to Jerusalem to fulfill my destiny. I will die there, but I will also be resurrected."
The Jewish authorities believed that Jesus was a threat to their own interests and conspired to kill him. Judas, one of his disciples, betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver.
The name Judas has no relation to Judaism. Judah, one of the four sons of Israel, is named Judah.
In 30 AD (approximately), Jesus was crucified by the Romans. His body was placed in a tomb, and on the third day after his death, Mary Magdalene discovered that Jesus' body was missing. She encountered the resurrected Jesus, who instructed her to inform the other disciples to meet him on a mountain in Galilee. Forty days later, Jesus met with his disciples and gave them the following instructions:
"All authority in heaven and on earth has been given to me. Therefore, go and make disciples of all nations, baptizing them in the name of the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit, and teaching them to obey everything I have commanded you. And surely I am with you always, to the very end of the age. Amen."
Christianity#
[Christ] is the transliteration of [Savior].
The "Tanakh" is considered the old covenant between God and His people and is known as the "Old Testament." The writings of Matthew, Mark, Luke, John (the disciples' accounts of Jesus' life), and other related works are considered the new covenant between God and His people and are known as the "New Testament." Together, these two covenants make up the Bible, with Christians primarily focusing on the New Testament.
The disciples began to preach to non-Jews in Antioch, starting the spread of Christianity towards the northern Mediterranean. In Antioch, the disciples were first called Christians. A bishop in Antioch described the church as the Catholic Church. Due to the Roman Empire's polytheistic state religion, Christianity was suppressed for a long time.
In 312 AD, the Roman Emperor Constantine saw the shape of the cross during a battle and ordered his soldiers to paint a similar cross on their shields. He achieved victory and eventually converted to Christianity.
In 313 AD, Constantine issued the Edict of Milan, making Christianity a legal religion. Constantine became the first Christian emperor.
Realizing the lack of unity in the interpretation of Jesus' words and actions among regional churches and the inconsistency in the written scriptures, Constantine convened a council of over 1,800 Christians in 325 AD to debate Christian doctrine. This council was known as the First Ecumenical Council: the Council of Nicaea.
The main topics of discussion at the council were:
- Differences in the interpretation of scriptures
- Church organization, structure, and rituals
- Is Jesus God?
The answer was given at the Fourth Ecumenical Council in 451 AD, the Council of Chalcedon: Jesus is both fully human and fully God.
In 395 AD, the Roman Empire split into the Eastern Roman Empire, with its capital in Constantinople, and the Western Roman Empire, with its capital in Milan. Christianity began to divide, with the Eastern Church becoming the Constantinian Church and the Western Church becoming the Roman Church. The Pope of the Roman Church considered it to be the orthodox church.
In 1054 AD, the two churches split completely, resulting in the Roman Catholic Church and the Orthodox Church. When the Roman Catholic Church was introduced to China, it was translated as "Catholicism." The Orthodox Church was translated as "Eastern Orthodoxy" [currently mainly distributed in Northern Europe, Russia, etc.].
In 1517, Martin Luther, a German Catholic, published the "Ninety-Five Theses," explaining his different understanding of doctrine, summarized as "justification by faith," leading to the Protestant Reformation.
Muhammad and Islam#
In 610 AD, Muhammad, who lived in Mecca on the Arabian Peninsula [south of the land of Canaan], received revelations from God through an angel while praying in the mountains. He began to spread his teachings and eventually established Islam.
The Quran, the holy book of Islam, records the revelations received by Muhammad.
During the period of the Christian schism in the 10th century, Islam actively expanded.
In 1095, the Roman Catholic Church launched the Crusades and captured Jerusalem, but it was later recaptured by Islam.
Three religions share the same origin: they all worship the God who made a covenant with Abraham.